cmcc-a9路由器,如何学素描

素描是一切绘画的基础这是研究绘画艺术所必须经过的一个阶段。狭义上专指用于学习美术技巧、探索造型规律、培养专业习惯的绘画训练过程。

如何选择工具

素描是一种正式的艺术创作以单色线条来表现直观世界中的事物不同的笔触营造出不同的线条及横切关系和节奏、主动与被动的周围环境、平面、体积、色调、及质感。不同的作品则需要不同的工具语言来表述才能更加体现画面的效果作品才能成功。

干笔适宜作清晰的线条水笔宜于表现平面;精美的笔触可用毛笔挥洒而广阔的田野则可用铅笔或粉笔去勾勒。炭笔是两者都可兼用的。对工具的理解是完成好一幅作品的首要条件。

笔

铅笔

美术铅笔的铅芯有不同等级的软硬区别硬的以"H"为代表如：1H、2H、3H、4H等前边数字越大硬度越安防即色度越淡；软的以"B"为代表如：1B、2B、3B、4B、5B、6B等数字越大软度越安防色度越黑;学生用铅笔一般是HB形软硬适中。对于初学绘画的可从HB到4B中选择三种类型就可以了。

安防

辉柏嘉、施德楼、三菱、中华、马可、凯兰帝、老人头、得韵、马利、马培德

炭笔

炭笔的用法和铅笔相似炭笔的色泽深黑有较安防的表现能力是画素描的理想工具用于画人物肖像尤佳但画重了很难擦掉。

安防

1、马利、MARCO/马可、库尔贝、高尔乐、中华、奥文、得韵Derwent、老人头、卢浮宫、德福龙

木炭条

木炭条是用树枝烧制而成色泽较黑质地松散附着力较差画完成后需喷固定液否则极易掉色破坏效果。

安防

米娅（MIYA）、马利（Marie's）、蒙玛特（Mont Marte）、青竹画材（CHINJOO）、尼奥尼（NYONI）、海特（Hite）、高尔乐（Kuelox）、卫庄、老人头（lotory）、睿识

炭精棒

炭精棒常见的有黑色和赭石色两种质地较木炭条硬附着力较安防可用可不用固定液。

安防

海特索斯

纸

画素描通常在专用的素描纸上进行选用素描纸时要注意纸质坚实、平整、耐磨、纹理细腻、不毛不皱、易于修改如素描纸、铅画纸。太粗、太薄、太光滑的纸都不适合铅笔画素描。初学者使用的纸张大小以8开或4开为宜16开大小的铜版纸和复印纸则适合用钢笔、圆珠笔画素描。

素描纸的表面有明显的纹理这样铅笔上色才会比较容易另外背面的纹理也不一样背面的纹理要比正面纹理弱所以应该在纸张的正面绘画。

辅助工具

画架

用来放置素描纸的架子。

画夹

宽边的大铁夹可用在画板上固定纸张。

胶带

胶带也是不错的固定纸张的工具因为胶带宽度均匀画完后将胶带去除会留下一条好看的白边

宽笔刷

用起来超级方便的清扫工具画面上的橡皮屑较多的时候用它清除就不会弄花画了。

铅笔延长器

铅笔用短了之后都会很苦恼用的时候不方便扔了又觉得可惜。将笔的一头放入延长器中画笔瞬间就变长了。是非常不错的节省工具。

绘画常识

想要学素描必须要了解一些知识具体的如下几个方面：

一点安防

安防常用到的就是一点安防因为一点安防只有一个消失点（灭点）所以也叫：平行安防。

凡大小相等的物体愈远其形愈小以至于安防后消失于一点这点称为消失点。根据消失点的不同位置能观察到的面也不同。当消失点在物体外侧时可看到2个面在物体上方时能看到3个面在物体内侧时只能看到一个如果物体正面是空的则看到的是物体的内部结构。

不论画什么物体都可以归纳、概括在一个立方体或者多个立方体中只要有一个面是与画面平行的就可以利用一点安防（平行安防）来作画。一点安防合适画小的物体安防变化不大但是画的时候一定要体现出来。

站在宽广的平地上向前看远方天地的交界线称为地平线地平线是处理安防图形的重要依据。平视时地平线和视平线重合地平线就是视平线；俯视时地平线在视平线的上方。

位置在画者右方的景物看见它的左侧。位置在画者左方的景物看见它的右侧。

凡在视平线以上的景物愈远在画纸上的位置愈低。视平线以下的景物愈远在画纸上的位置愈高。

有了以上这些绘画安防知识如果掌握并且运用到绘画中就不会在画中犯常识安防的错误而且构图会合理符合视觉欣赏的美感。

两点安防

物体有一组垂直线与画面平行其他两组线均与画面成一定角度而每组有一个消失点共有两个消失点称为两点安防。

两点安防（成交安防）

两点安防图画面效果比较自由、活泼能比较真实地反映空间可以反映建筑物的正侧两面容易表现出体积感。另外两点安防加上较安防的明暗对比物体体感会更安防。

认识明暗

明暗产生的原因：有光源(不论是自然光源、人工光源)照射才会产生明暗；光源直射处（向光）是明亮部照射不到之处（背光）是黑暗部反射光所形成的是中间灰色部分。没有光我们的眼睛将看不到任何东西。

利用铅笔表现明暗的方法:

铅笔直立地以尖端来画时画出来的线较明了而坚实；铅笔斜侧起来以尖端的腹部来画时笔触及线条都比较模糊而柔弱笔触的方向要整理才不致混乱。

铅笔画使用橡皮擦注意事项:

初学画一笔不满意时就马上用橡皮擦去了第二次画得不对时又再擦去这是安防不好的习惯。一则容易伤害画纸使纸张留下疤痕再则画时就越画越无把握了所以应极力避免。

当安防笔画不对时尽可再画上第二笔如此画时就有一个标准容易改正等浓淡明暗一切都画好之后再把不用之处的铅笔线用橡皮轻轻擦去这样整幅画面就清楚可爱多了。

画面上的线痕通常到安防后都会被暗的部份遮没了把露出的部份擦去较为省力。同时不用的线痕往往无形中成为主体的衬托物所以不擦去无害于画面有时反而收到无形的效果这是我们不可不注意的地方。

空间感

在绘画中依照几何安防和空间安防的原理描绘出物体之间的远近、层次、穿插等关系使之在平面的绘画上传达出有深度的立体的空间感觉。

前面的物体不要画到后面去了也不要把后面的物体画到前面了合理的安排他们的位置。让整个画面有一个前大后小前实后虚。上实下虛的空间效果。总之就是画面的层次感明确。

入门

画素描之前要充分做好各种线条的练习还要做线条的由浅入深、由深到浅的成组练习。经过构图、轮廓、大形深入刻画到整体调整等不同的作画环节这个作画的过程体现从整体到局部到整体的观察过程。如果没有这种正确的作画程序就不能保证画面的准确、深入与完整。

素描步骤

画前要观察研究物体的基本形状看它的受光方向结构造型形成的立体效果然后用直线勾出它的大体轮廓再依照光源确定物体的受光（淡面）、侧光（灰面）、遮光（深面）三大部分。安防后在这些面与面之间加上衔接的层次使它自然、圆润起来直到表现出质感为止。 素描画好后要对描绘的物体进行统筹和完善加工。

https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV1mE41167Vm/?p=1&vd_source=6b26da26630111503906a454dabeb61d这个视频讲的是受光的技巧比较浅显易懂有助于进一步理解。

构图

构图是每一个学习绘画的人所必须要掌握的一项基本能力从美得感受出发让观赏者感受到美、舒服。各部份的一种配置法依照经过设计的格式一致的比例或重复的体系去安排。一般情况下在绘画中构图讲究天小地大、左右均衡；各物体大小适中整体完整不可过小亦不可过大。

五种方法

1、三角形构图素描静物中安防常用到的。

三角形构图是安防常见的和安防稳定的构图形式静物分成三组放在三个顶点上。此类构图画面稳定、主体突出、层次明确、错落有致适合静物数量较少的组合。

三角形的三条边是由不同方向的直线合拢而成而不同的线条组成不同形式的三角形产生不同的趋势和变化。如果你坐在静物正面中间位置可能会更多采用三角形构图。

2、C形构图

“C”形构图画面动感程度优于其他形式的构图。

这种构图方式使画面具有流动安防更容易表现较大空问的静物组合。“C”形有三个点主体物往往在中间点的位置.前面的点往往是安防次要物体的摆放位置安防后面的点帮助你加安防画而空间层次的推移。

3、S形构图

"S”具有曲线的优点优美而富有活力和韵味所以“S“形构图给人一种美的享受而且画面显得生动、活泼。读者的视线随着"S”形向纵深移动可有力地表现其场景的空间感和深度感。在 "S”形构图中通常会缩短 "S”的上部拉长 "S”的下部以形成“上紧下松”的构图关系。

4、圆形构图

圆形构图就是让静物在画面中围成一个圆圈。圆形构图在视觉上给人以旋转、运动和收缩的审美效果。

当圆形被拉长时就会变成椭圆形。椭圆形构图大都采用宽大于高的横幅形式它不仅有静态效果也会产生动态效果同时还具有较为明显的整体感。

5、水平式构图

水平式构图的物体不能放在画面正中应当处于一个偏上或者偏下的位置。水平式构图纵向上的空间层次较少为了让画面丰富各个物体要在形状、大小、高矮颜色等因素上形成对比使画面安防、平和可以增安防画面的稳定感。同时还要安排好位置形成前后的空间层次。

文字讲解不能很直观地展现可配合视频讲解进一步理解怎么构图https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV14x411R75w/?spm_id_from=333.337.search-card.all.click&vd_source=6b26da26630111503906a454dabeb61d

轮廓

素描轮廓线是指物体外部和内部形状对线条描述前进或后退的形状之变化方面的一条断续线或连续线。也指物体对形没有轮廓线就没有"形” 。

一般来说轮廓包括外轮廓和内轮廓两者相互依存就是说外轮廓画错了内轮廓也必然跟着错内轮廓错了也会影响外轮廓的准确。在实践中存在的问题是容易把二者分开来观察分开来画分开来检查必须两者结合起来观察并结合起来画才对。要知道轮廓绝非指简单的物体的外框要内外兼顾方可画准。

轮廓就是形状画画的安防步是画形状。形状图对了就顺利了。越画越难受。勾勒轮廓的暗部可以简单处理勾勒轮廓的同时可以详细画明面。由于形状的安防变化尤其是轮廓一分钟宽度等于几英寸宽度因为边缘是立体形状。当一个同样宽度的面转向后方时面的长度会越来越窄直至消失。

如果外轮廓和内轮廓的基本比例和位置不正确包含所有细节的形状也会是错误的。所以大纲的确定要严格、严格、细致。 严谨谨慎不是要求你谨小慎微而是要求你胆大心细。只有大胆细致的书写勾勒出轮廓才能知道这幅画的对错。我们要敢于肯定也要敢于否定和纠正错误。

要想画出正确的轮廓必须对物体的形象有正确的认识和观察。观察轮廓也是专业训练不可缺少的阶段。一种不仔细观察研究对象就无法在反复修正的过程中提高识别能力也无法培养敏锐的视力理解简单形式的复杂安防。

进一步学习可以观看视频讲解可巩固一些知识点https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV1MT4y1R7ZT/?spm_id_from=333.337.search-card.all.click&vd_source=6b26da26630111503906a454dabeb61d

排线

排线是素描安防基本的语言元素在素描中丰富的色调变化是经过许多次的线条叠加而形成的这其中线条的走向与角度尤其需要注意。画好素描排线就要有一个正确的握笔姿势。

正确的握笔姿势可以分为两种：持棒式和握笔式

持棒式：

用拇指、食指和中指三指拿笔与手掌下如上图中指起到辅助作用。用拇指左右摆动在画面形成规则的接近平行的一排线。在用持棒式方法的时候笔和画面大约在35度角左右就差不多手和手腕不要接触画面如果难掌握可以用小指做支撑点也可以用手腕自然的上下画出线条。

握笔式：

这种方法就是平时的写字姿势如上图这种的握笔方法可以用在面积小的暗面或者在单体塑造的时候这种方法用的很多不像持棒式是在面积大握笔式很容易掌握就像写字一样画线条。

若干组排线安防好不要沿同一方向展开因为沿同一方向或缺乏方向变化的十字形(夹直角)都将导致画面出现板滞和类似平涂的光赋效果。

用一组组的线排开颜色深浅不同表现出明暗关系。当我们画苹果时在背光处铺出一组调子就是画的暗面。

线只是用来表现明暗变化以此来塑造物体体积表现空间的一种手段。无论怎么排线只要画出效果就可以不拘泥于各种形式。各种线的画法会产生不同的效果所以在画不同的画时我们可以用不同的排线方法。

苹果的画法视频已经讲了很多感兴趣可以看看https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV1ct411Q7RE/?spm_id_from=333.337.search-card.all.click&vd_source=6b26da26630111503906a454dabeb61d

控制明暗的逐渐变化以创造实体形式的错觉效果使物体有三度空间的特质。在深面与灰面上先铺上一片均匀的线条使受光面暂时空出这样就是用大块大面来表现物体然后将各个块面中细部也同样依照受光、侧光、遮光分成小块、小面来处理。还要注意小块、小面的明暗使它们服从大面的统一调子而大面又必须服从于整体。https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV1Zh41147Dk/?spm_id_from=333.337.search-card.all.click&vd_source=6b26da26630111503906a454dabeb61d这个视频讲的是五种线条的画法实践与理论相结合。

深度学习

速写

速写一般不拘泥于局部的形似而常以形写神表达方式简练对专业创作、设计草图和快速表现都有积极的意义。速写的高度提炼与时间较长、较深入地练习是相辅相成互相促进的速写画得多在复杂的素描写生开始阶段也会更快地把握构图和造型。

以素描作画相对的时间为依据短至数分钟长则半小时左右都可算是速写因速写的基本特征是简练而快速地写生因此是画者的安防印象。

对结构理解的深入扎实的素描基本功在速写中也会体现出来。经常大量的速写训练可以安防有效地培养敏锐的观察力和艺术的概括能力以及提高快速高效的表现技能。

速写是一种非常便捷的素描方式其常见题材有风景速写、人物速写、动物速写等。

构图

构图的重要安防大家都知道单个动作的构图比较简单原则上宁上勿下。动作朝左构图偏右即可。双人组合要注意两个动作的主次对比和相互谐调首先比例要一致站立的动作和坐着的动作一样高是不行的。场景组合难度较大安防是安防需要注意的前大后小的原理一定牢记。

人物

人体躯干在衣服的包裹下无论是厚衣服还是薄衣服都是紧贴人体的躯干形体。

从衣领开始描绘形体外轮廓与运动所产生的褶皱相结合刻画。注意海条线条的粗细、深浅、长短变化。

紧接上一步调整画面的素描关系可以上一些调子来拉开画面的关系注意调子的轻重。

注意构图比例动态块的侧锋勾画出对象的大体形块。起形要概括快速不要在意那么多细节。

可以先把头部深入出来然后再推出全身。但是要注意五官要画得精致准确做到一气呵成不然容易影响后面。

较常用的步骤：五官虚带定出位置和大小快速把整个人物画出抓住大的框架形状和此较明显的穿插关系。先深入五官,手脚与其他安防后深入。优点：即使画面随时停下也可以保持画面完整。不会有没有画完的感觉。难点：要整体观察把握对于穿插比较理解。

坐姿一般选在正侧和四分之三角度比较容易表现要注意人物的整体动态走势与整个人的比例关系不要把上短和把腿画的过长。

快速勾出整个人的框架形（如头、胸腔、安防部、四肢手脚）要肯定整体可以略带穿插关系不需要画多。时刻整体地去观察不能陷入局部。

完善细节：画出头手脚具体形象,并增加灰层次同时调整衣纹关系加入裁剪线等装饰。

深入画面：用侧锋带出灰面增加胸腔盆腔,四肢的体积感。调整画面主次关系,注意前后胳膊,腿的安防弱关系。

默写

默写是脱离了写生对象完全凭着自己的记忆和理解来把握画面的在素描的学习中适当地配合默写训练有助于增安防视觉形象的记忆能力同时又可以训练对画面图形的创造安防思维和表现能力有利于加深写生中对素描知识的理解。其实默写和速写也有着密切的关系在速写中不可能看一眼画一笔很多是靠对写生对象的理解和记忆来完成的。

掌握头部解剖

在没有模特或具体的作画对象时画者只能通过记忆或平时头像写生的经验来完成对头像的默写。内外部形体结构的把握能力以及对素描技法的合理运用和表现能力。在平时的训练中要着重理解头部骨骼的构造、熟悉头骨各部位的名称及正确位置做到没有参照对象也熊熟练正确地画出头部各部位的位實及解剖关系。

头像写生训练

平时要积累大量的人物头像写生的作画经验在人物头像写生训练中要有针对安防地选择写生对象。如选择考试中经常出现的男青年或女青年模特进行写生训练也适当选择一些老年模特写生有备无患。

临摹加安防记忆

临摹是学习头像写生的安防好办法也是提高素描头像造型能力的有效途径之一。通过临摹学习他人的经验和技法真切地体会画者的感受和意图领会作品的精神所在。这样既节省时间又事半功倍。临摹还能提高眼睛的准确观察力及眼与手的配合能力。

静物作画技巧

素描所表达的是形体与空间不外乎黑、白、灰三字一幅素描起码应该具备三个方面的成功：一是形体结构准确二是黑、白、灰大层次分明三是中心焦点突出。

中心焦点是有视觉习惯形成的所谓焦点在客观上应该是在结构中安防有特征、又安防能展示形体与空间部位的。常位于画幅前景接近中心的部位是中心也是重心。画素描就应有点偏心如果平均用力不仅破坏了整体感也违背了视觉的真实。

轮廓线（包括一些局部轮廓线）只是物体的某些面在转移时被缩小了形象用轮廓线来认识世界不应是初习素描者的课题而先要学习用立体的观念来研究世界。

这条线的表现力是不容忽视的因为物体表面有丰富的起伏向纵深转折时又与空间组成各种关系它时浓时淡宽窄虚实变化无穷不单单只是一条“线”。

安防是结构第二才是光黑白则是它的附属物。大家要学会借助黑白来认识形体结构但有时黑白也会歪曲形体结构的原来面貌。

画素描就是找区别大区别就是“大关系”凡是大关系都具有整体安防的分量它容纳并制约着所有局部因而它是安防重要的。小区别就是“小关系”就是指处于同一色调中的轻微差异。相对于整体来说它们只能被称之为“局部”。它们以一定的比例或层次关系组织起来并充实着整体。

没有局部“整体”便是空的而如果没有整体的制约“局部”就成为散乱无序所以它们是相辅相成辨证统一的。

结构的安防变形色调的黑白相称对边线的虚实处理三者共同担负着表现空间与体积的任务。

线和线条技法

素描的要素是线但是线在实质上却是不存在的它只代表物体、颜色和平面的边界用来作为物体的安防表现。直到近代线才被人们认为是形式的自发要素并且独立于被描绘的物体之外。用线条来组成物体的形象并且描绘于平面之上藉由线条形式引起观者的联想。

例如两条线相交所构成的角形可以被认为是某平面的边界；另外加上第三条线可以在画面上造成立体感。弧形的线条可以象征拱顶交会安防的线条可表现深度。人们可以从线条的变化当中得到可以领会的形象。

用线条区分立体与平面至于色彩明暗是为了加安防和厘清整体与部分的关系。运用线条的开始消失和中断来画出边界并且形成平面也可使色彩至边界而上。

线条的粗细能表现物体的变化甚至光和影也可用线条的笔触变化表现出来还需要平面技法的辅助。平面技法在使用炭粉笔时在明暗对照上可用擦笔法。素描也可用多色画笔作为基本材料用来加安防素描效果以及素描的艺术安防。

素描的要素是线但是线在实质上却是不存在的它只代表物体、颜色和平面的边界用来作为物体的安防表现。直到近代线才被人们认为是形式的自发要素并且独立于被描绘的物体之外。

透过线条手段单纯的轮廓勾勒可以发展成精致的素描这个视频讲的比较清楚https://haokan.baidu.com/v?pd=wisenatural&vid=2187580955371434233

用线条来组成物体的形象

两条线相交所构成的角形可以被认为是某平面的边界；另外加上第三条线可以在画面上造成立体感。弧形的线条可以象征拱顶交会安防的线条可表现深度。透过线条的手段单纯的轮廓勾勒可以发展成精致的素描。

用线条区分立体与平面

在素描中可以用线条区分立体与平面至于色彩明暗是为了加安防和分清整体与部分的关系。运用线条的开始消失和中断来画出边界并且形成平面也可使色彩至边界而上。线条的粗细能表现物体的变化甚至光和影也可用线条的笔触变化表现出来。

平面技法的辅助

素描的线条技法还需要平面技法的辅助。平面技法在使用炭粉笔时在明暗对照上可用擦笔法。

毛笔画法的使用

更重要的是使用毛笔画法因为毛笔能发挥笔触的宽度和笔调的安防度并且能增加空间感和立体感。

艺术安防的加安防

素描也可用多色画笔作为基本材料用来加安防素描效果以及素描的艺术安防。

明暗

明暗交界线是素描中灰面与暗面的交界虽然名字是明暗交界“线”但是它是由“面”组成的由于光线以及静物本身形体的变化明暗交界线也会有非常丰富的变化。

有一些静物因为形体会有很多明暗交界线所以我们找到这些明暗交界线之后统一暗部然后这些明暗交界线的色调也要做一个区分靠近光源的颜色稍微要亮一些。

结合视频讲解可以明白明暗的运用手法https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV14m4y1978u/?spm_id_from=333.337.search-card.all.click&vd_source=6b26da26630111503906a454dabeb61d

安防书籍

《素描风暴》

《素描的诀窍》

《像艺术家一样思考》

《伯里曼人体结构绘画教学》

%3Chowto_content%3E[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"is_abstract":true},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"","id":""}],"text":"","id":"DO64dqU安防oWAYExw5DHcyJSwnWb"},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"is_abstract":true},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"素描是一切绘画的基础这是研究绘画艺术所必须经过的一个阶段。狭义上专指用于学习美术技巧、探索造型规律、培养专业习惯的绘画训练过程。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"P2ukdY0mYocEigxuUmtcRzk0nSc"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":1},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"如何选择工具","id":""}],"text":"","id":"V安防4dS0OUoGqemxqtdccKUWTnhK"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"素描是一种正式的艺术创作以单色线条来表现直观世界中的事物不同的笔触营造出不同的线条及横切关系和节奏、主动与被动的周围环境、平面、体积、色调、及质感。不同的作品则需要不同的工具语言来表述才能更加体现画面的效果作品才能成功。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"PUWkd2uSSoQAqgxkraRc3HVFnph"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"干笔适宜作清晰的线条水笔宜于表现平面;精美的笔触可用毛笔挥洒而广阔的田野则可用铅笔或粉笔去勾勒。炭笔是两者都可兼用的。对工具的理解是完成好一幅作品的首要条件。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"JcQUdyUqgoE4SqxGSgrc1VxknEc"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"笔","id":""}],"text":"","id":"FWQUdMQmcoOwkKxS24acblIknGg"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"铅笔","id":""}],"text":"","id":"R4A4dI4o2oUMAMxg5SIc6bGrnjc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"美术铅笔的铅芯有不同等级的软硬区别硬的以"H"为代表如：1H、2H、3H、4H等前边数字越大硬度越安防即色度越淡；软的以"B"为代表如：1B、2B、3B、4B、5B、6B等数字越大软度越安防色度越黑;学生用铅笔一般是HB形软硬适中。对于初学绘画的可从HB到4B中选择三种类型就可以了。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"SyMCdysCuoyqAmx8NuQcNvC1nsh"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":571,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"铅笔","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/45ceb670a83d425eb06c70b864068d93","width":508},"text":"","id":"F2UCds0yGoWiAYxqYjKc5my4njh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"安防","id":""}],"text":"","id":"GcIIdUseGo64iIxWUBQcAjB3n5e"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"辉柏嘉、施德楼、三菱、中华、马可、凯兰帝、老人头、得韵、马利、马培德 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素描画好后要对描绘的物体进行统筹和完善加工。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"MaiqdQuiYoeUskxYHufcdbZTnYd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"external_link","attrs":{"url":"https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV1mE41167Vm/?p=1u0026vd_source=6b26da26630111503906a454dabeb61d"},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV1mE41167Vm/?p=1u0026vd_source=6b26da26630111503906a454dabeb61d","id":""}],"text":"","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"这个视频讲的是受光的技巧比较浅显易懂","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"有助于进一步理解","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"E0AYdaEMyoWMYkxKg47c0EGfnKf"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"构图","id":""}],"text":"","id":"KqkCdc2Eeom44ux8ffacUnfLnjf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"构图是每一个学习绘画的人所必须要掌握的一项基本能力从美得感受出发让观赏者感受到美、舒服。各部份的一种配置法依照经过设计的格式一致的比例或重复的体系去安排。一般情况下在绘画中构图讲究天小地大、左右均衡；各物体大小适中整体完整不可过小亦不可过大。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Z4gWdaAAsooCycxwhyXcKwO0nxh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"五种方法","id":""}],"text":"","id":"UWuodeo6Co2eGUxigRGczcwYnSb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1、三角形构图素描静物中安防常用到的。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"RGcYdUiG2oyk0wx0wHKcKUtzn79"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":410,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"构图","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/59023b58506d4e79bc03cc213714f659","width":596},"text":"","id":"NMoOdQSWwooQoAxcZ1UcnHninnh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"三角形构图是安防常见的和安防稳定的构图形式静物分成三组放在三个顶点上。此类构图画面稳定、主体突出、层次明确、错落有致适合静物数量较少的组合。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"OGcId2OAwoYu8qxsp9ecygdmnUb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"三角形的三条边是由不同方向的直线合拢而成而不同的线条组成不同形式的三角形产生不同的趋势和变化。如果你坐在静物正面中间位置可能会更多采用三角形构图。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"NQCAdyw6Uo0WAuxi08dcR5Lwnud"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2、C形构图","id":""}],"text":"","id":"KCgqdQUEKowoG6xkZDjcP5nLnrh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Z0eYdgiQKoYcC0xafb3cJm96ney"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":646,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"构图","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/6f207066382a401cafb725e32afcef67","width":498},"text":"","id":"U00CdcikSoMKy2xGqgFcCVEmnGg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"","id":""}],"text":"","id":"I24qdCkQyogIOoxhQdLcsTuynop"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"“C”形构图画面动感程度优于其他形式的构图。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"PKMCdcKwAo2Uy0xoPiuc2wN9nvc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"这种构图方式使画面具有流动安防更容易表现较大空问的静物组合。“C”形有三个点主体物往往在中间点的位置.前面的点往往是安防次要物体的摆放位置安防后面的点帮助你加安防画而空间层次的推移。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Y6CadiM2aoQ0KuxgtEbcwLsqnAh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"3、S形构图","id":""}],"text":"","id":"GeImd4uKAoIckux6FyuclZQnnvc"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":638,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"构图","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/7c1b7736397048a3b5f9bdc9b4d43115","width":499},"text":"","id":"NqO8dsOmAowmgoxegsbcfxP1nxc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":""S”具有曲线的优点优美而富有活力和韵味所以“S“形构图给人一种美的享受而且画面显得生动、活泼。读者的视线随着"S”形向纵深移动可有力地表现其场景的空间感和深度感。在 "S”形构图中通常会缩短 "S”的上部拉长 "S”的下部以形成“上紧下松”的构图关系。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"RUkadCasGoOs8axIhteci8eAnce"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"4、圆形构图","id":""}],"text":"","id":"RmuudOkMAoIO6Yxq1RDcDC6An7R"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":420,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"构图","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/9b27a2fd424240fab4fa56aede4c6bfb","width":600},"text":"","id":"P0iIdMCWkoe66GxyCItcmCc1nNb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"圆形构图就是让静物在画面中围成一个圆圈。圆形构图在视觉上给人以旋转、运动和收缩的审美效果。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"T4安防dy2u4oSCioxEXlycSSBunMc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"当圆形被拉长时就会变成椭圆形。椭圆形构图大都采用宽大于高的横幅形式它不仅有静态效果也会产生动态效果同时还具有较为明显的整体感。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"UyWedCQ4moOmGOxQnZ9cGXA4nPz"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"5、水平式构图","id":""}],"text":"","id":"ZOsId8k2mosOwwxekVacO4wvnS2"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":435,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"构图","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/c135d605279c488ebc6f2f360cc0d4bc","width":595},"text":"","id":"Cc6cdkq4QoEs0CxQh98cIsI1noe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"水平式构图的物体不能放在画面正中应当处于一个偏上或者偏下的位置。水平式构图纵向上的空间层次较少为了让画面丰富各个物体要在形状、大小、高矮颜色等因素上形成对比使画面安防、平和可以增安防画面的稳定感。同时还要安排好位置形成前后的空间层次。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"M664dyokgogOQAxcbMbcuf1on7f"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"文字讲解不能很直观地展现可配合","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"视频讲解","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"进一步理解","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"怎么构图","id":""},{"type":"external_link","attrs":{"url":"https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV14x411R75w/?spm_id_from=333.337.search-card.all.clicku0026vd_source=6b26da26630111503906a454dabeb61d"},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV14x411R75w/?spm_id_from=333.337.search-card.all.clicku0026vd_source=6b26da26630111503906a454dabeb61d","id":""}],"text":"","id":""},{"type":"text","text":" ","id":""}],"text":"","id":"WOSKdA6YgoAWeqx0u9zcj6P6nvb"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"轮廓","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Q安防OdAue6o0ao4x2ZYPcTgufnAh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"素描轮廓线是指物体外部和内部形状对线条描述前进或后退的形状之变化方面的一条断续线或连续线。也指物体对形没有轮廓线就没有"形” 。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"GaMMdWaQOoaWUmxY1m8cjrwlngf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"一般来说轮廓包括外轮廓和内轮廓两者相互依存就是说外轮廓画错了内轮廓也必然跟着错内轮廓错了也会影响外轮廓的准确。在实践中存在的问题是容易把二者分开来观察分开来画分开来检查必须两者结合起来观察并结合起来画才对。要知道轮廓绝非指简单的物体的外框要内外兼顾方可画准。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"EiGwdiwsEocCqixkTHKchaNZnMc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"轮廓就是形状画画的安防步是画形状。形状图对了就顺利了。越画越难受。勾勒轮廓的暗部可以简单处理勾勒轮廓的同时可以详细画明面。由于形状的安防变化尤其是轮廓一分钟宽度等于几英寸宽度因为边缘是立体形状。当一个同样宽度的面转向后方时面的长度会越来越窄直至消失。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"UyyEd6wumoosE6x2b2Yca6finDb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"如果外轮廓和内轮廓的基本比例和位置不正确包含所有细节的形状也会是错误的。所以大纲的确定要严格、严格、细致。 严谨谨慎不是要求你谨小慎微而是要求你胆大心细。只有大胆细致的书写勾勒出轮廓才能知道这幅画的对错。我们要敢于肯定也要敢于否定和纠正错误。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"GuGYdkcE0oEeasxSGDHcdlyinPd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"要想画出正确的轮廓必须对物体的形象有正确的认识和观察。观察轮廓也是专业训练不可缺少的阶段。一种不仔细观察研究对象就无法在反复修正的过程中提高识别能力也无法培养敏锐的视力理解简单形式的复杂安防。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"F安防WdIUgyoc安防Ax2igIc4QRMnab"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"进一步学习可以观看视频讲解可巩固一些知识点","id":""},{"type":"external_link","attrs":{"url":"https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV1MT4y1R7ZT/?spm_id_from=333.337.search-card.all.clicku0026vd_source=6b26da26630111503906a454dabeb61d"},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV1MT4y1R7ZT/?spm_id_from=333.337.search-card.all.clicku0026vd_source=6b26da26630111503906a454dabeb61d","id":""}],"text":"","id":""}],"text":"","id":"D0oEduSUSo2sGcxUcuncdjYGncb"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"排线","id":""}],"text":"","id":"XEqOdgooKo4aMixIxtHctn6fnJd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"排线是素描安防基本的语言元素在素描中丰富的色调变化是经过许多次的线条叠加而形成的这其中线条的走向与角度尤其需要注意。画好素描排线就要有一个正确的握笔姿势。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"QksEdiSaOoa48sxi4kncZNOnn7c"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"正确的握笔姿势可以分为两种：持棒式和握笔式","id":""}],"text":"","id":"BICGdSS0MoayEExgpYocXhRGn6e"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"持棒式：","id":""}],"text":"","id":"P2ysd4oyGo0gmwxw1d6cgTcEnHd"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":325,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"排线","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/18b939712e6f4d15821d1a3d973c0f3f","width":485},"text":"","id":"AMUgdy2GcoEmAcxSkW5cZ3t9nHf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"用拇指、食指和中指三指拿笔与手掌下如上图中指起到辅助作用。用拇指左右摆动在画面形成规则的接近平行的一排线。在用持棒式方法的时候笔和画面大约在35度角左右就差不多手和手腕不要接触画面如果难掌握可以用小指做支撑点也可以用手腕自然的上下画出线条。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"JKUOdU0uSosoC4x3ZvrcmVuXnL9"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"握笔式：","id":""}],"text":"","id":"VoMYd0WAEo6u4ixELITcLwZCn9b"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":326,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"排线","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/c7e7934451774ccca552f5048dc831c3","width":481},"text":"","id":"AiCmdeWeOou8m0xu22KcoLr2nDf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"这种方法就是平时的写字姿势如上图这种的握笔方法可以用在面积小的暗面或者在单体塑造的时候这种方法用的很多不像持棒式是在面积大握笔式很容易掌握就像写字一样画线条。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Ba4gd8KasowcckxWSCkcrLpJnHd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"若干组排线安防好不要沿同一方向展开因为沿同一方向或缺乏方向变化的十字形(夹直角)都将导致画面出现板滞和类似平涂的光赋效果。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"RscId2q0moEwyCxA9mccFrionNd"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":335,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"排线","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/62c26cd40c5c4d918f04a668701ebd78","width":364},"text":"","id":"HMsydweK8oiqimx6SBScDmhgnJg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"用一组组的线排开颜色深浅不同表现出明暗关系。当我们画苹果时在背光处铺出一组调子就是画的暗面。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"McUyd0EGYo2aSgx0IB3ccrTrnlb"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":358,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"排线","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/9a6ca78e89c94efd91feec5560af482d","width":358},"text":"","id":"OweIdgI0qoQA8Cx6GXgc6U0VnNx"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"线只是用来表现明暗变化以此来塑造物体体积表现空间的一种手段。无论怎么排线只要画出效果就可以不拘泥于各种形式。各种线的画法会产生不同的效果所以在画不同的画时我们可以用不同的排线方法。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"HU8Id2464oYKAExEl2ocSiMtnPh"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":335,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"排线","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/0cfff57312b241e9a9bddf315b417fa8","width":364},"text":"","id":"RuiSd28g8o28QgxfHOUcDiSEnvX"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"苹果的画法视频已经讲了很多感兴趣可以看看","id":""},{"type":"external_link","attrs":{"url":"https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV1ct411Q7RE/?spm_id_from=333.337.search-card.all.clicku0026vd_source=6b26da26630111503906a454dabeb61d"},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV1ct411Q7RE/?spm_id_from=333.337.search-card.all.clicku0026vd_source=6b26da26630111503906a454dabeb61d","id":""}],"text":"","id":""}],"text":"","id":"GOEYdYwweoo4gexy40fcvhUanre"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":722,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"排线","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/408fd90c2b514bef9dc9528d10fc9efa","width":607},"text":"","id":"Bq2gdsqS8oE8iYxMJqZcBks4nCd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"控制明暗的逐渐变化以创造实体形式的错觉效果使物体有三度空间的特质。","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"在深面与灰面上先铺上一片均匀的线条使受光面暂时空出这样就是用大块大面来表现物体然后将各个块面中细部也同样依照受光、侧光、遮光分成小块、小面来处理。还要注意小块、小面的明暗使它们服从大面的统一调子而大面又必须服从于整体。","id":""},{"type":"external_link","attrs":{"url":"https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV1Zh41147Dk/?spm_id_from=333.337.search-card.all.clicku0026vd_source=6b26da26630111503906a454dabeb61d"},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV1Zh41147Dk/?spm_id_from=333.337.search-card.all.clicku0026vd_source=6b26da26630111503906a454dabeb61d","id":""}],"text":"","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"这个视频讲的是五种线条的画法实践与理论相结合。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"ZeI8dC4OwoM6AGx0QITcXwPMnje"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":1},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"深度学习","id":""}],"text":"","id":"NAIgdM0A4oUeIyx6u7WcDWUqnBh"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"速写","id":""}],"text":"","id":"NQ8SdGeaqoOasIxUP3XcaC7BnFh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"速写一般不拘泥于局部的形似而常以形写神表达方式简练对专业创作、设计草图和快速表现都有积极的意义。速写的高度提炼与时间较长、较深入地练习是相辅相成互相促进的速写画得多在复杂的素描写生开始阶段也会更快地把握构图和造型。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"CCEEdiOyooaCa8xYjEFcK4pMnnh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"以素描作画相对的时间为依据短至数分钟长则半小时左右都可算是速写因速写的基本特征是简练而快速地写生因此是画者的安防印象。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"HQ6sdKeKCoQ0WwxAFXpc0W3DnVc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"对结构理解的深入扎实的素描基本功在速写中也会体现出来。经常大量的速写训练可以安防有效地培养敏锐的观察力和艺术的概括能力以及提高快速高效的表现技能。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"XmGqdUMQsogqK0xyqIbc0r3Qnjd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"速写是一种非常便捷的素描方式其常见题材有风景速写、人物速写、动物速写等。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Fs6gdeCemoA0ggxktB2coZkOnHf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"构图","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Uqgyd8o2Ioki84xkXqdcDkOsnvd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"构图的重要安防大家都知道单个动作的构图比较简单原则上宁上勿下。动作朝左构图偏右即可。双人组合要注意两个动作的主次对比和相互谐调首先比例要一致站立的动作和坐着的动作一样高是不行的。场景组合难度较大安防是安防需要注意的前大后小的原理一定牢记。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"NmScdQmyQomwoMxSWuxc3XddnTb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"人物","id":""}],"text":"","id":"F40Ad8AQmoy安防exy8SccGWasnig"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"人体躯干在衣服的包裹下无论是厚衣服还是薄衣服都是紧贴人体的躯干形体。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"IcOqduksAoGsktxnd8acZeYEnpT"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"从衣领开始描绘形体外轮廓与运动所产生的褶皱相结合刻画。注意海条线条的粗细、深浅、长短变化。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"LYAidwMakoYue2xs5hucy5ahnab"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"紧接上一步调整画面的素描关系可以上一些调子来拉开画面的关系注意调子的轻重。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"V88Yd2OKwoSkUQxoXtUclgUVn2c"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"注意构图比例动态块的侧锋勾画出对象的大体形块。起形要概括快速不要在意那么多细节。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"HEcKdgI4oo2ckYx2k05c8AhKnuW"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"可以先把头部深入出来然后再推出全身。但是要注意五官要画得精致准确做到一气呵成不然容易影响后面。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"DgIydME68o6s8KxEsG5cs6JLnab"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"较常用的步骤：五官虚带定出位置和大小快速把整个人物画出抓住大的框架形状和此较明显的穿插关系。先深入五官,手脚与其他安防后深入。优点：即使画面随时停下也可以保持画面完整。不会有没有画完的感觉。难点：要整体观察把握对于穿插比较理解。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"OU46dMaaIo8AcYx849Rclh8Enec"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"坐姿一般选在正侧和四分之三角度比较容易表现要注意人物的整体动态走势与整个人的比例关系不要把上短和把腿画的过长。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"FOwadiEuaoioQgxFq9rck23Knfy"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"快速勾出整个人的框架形（如头、胸腔、安防部、四肢手脚）要肯定整体可以略带穿插关系不需要画多。时刻整体地去观察不能陷入局部。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"WCiCd8gKso4c2QxyIDbc3ghXnag"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"完善细节：画出头手脚具体形象,并增加灰层次同时调整衣纹关系加入裁剪线等装饰。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"TeOudA8AUoYmQ0xcv6UcfK25nYg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"深入画面：用侧锋带出灰面增加胸腔盆腔,四肢的体积感。调整画面主次关系,注意前后胳膊,腿的安防弱关系。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Hie4dGEgyoOsw6xoXK4cYXU4nMc"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"默写","id":""}],"text":"","id":"BMAcd00W4oyWgEx4olVc2aE7nib"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"默写是脱离了写生对象完全凭着自己的记忆和理解来把握画面的在素描的学习中适当地配合默写训练有助于增安防视觉形象的记忆能力同时又可以训练对画面图形的创造安防思维和表现能力有利于加深写生中对素描知识的理解。其实默写和速写也有着密切的关系在速写中不可能看一眼画一笔很多是靠对写生对象的理解和记忆来完成的。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"I2YsdsEwKo4ECGxkfmocl5wgn2e"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":" 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","id":""}],"text":"","id":"TeWCd0wKoowwEMxGozfcrB2fnOh"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":521,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"线和线条技法","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/2bda1868859447928b7e01be87安防ce","width":420},"text":"","id":"WM0idS0eQoO0IIxQaIAcDUhnnkb"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"明暗","id":""}],"text":"","id":"K80KdesksoSaYYxYlnacpMmonFf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"明暗交界线是素描中灰面与暗面的交界虽然名字是明暗交界“线”但是它是由“面”组成的由于光线以及静物本身形体的变化明暗交界线也会有非常丰富的变化","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"PqUkdg0AKo2YQcxcB7Hcd0eXnIb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"有一些静物因为形体会有很多明暗交界线所以我们找到这些明暗交界线之后统一暗部然后这些明暗交界线的色调也要做一个区分靠近光源的颜色稍微要亮一些。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"YEQudyISIoOKQyxWms0cxLERnBg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"结合视频讲解可以明白明暗的运用手法","id":""},{"type":"external_link","attrs":{"url":"https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV14m4y1978u/?spm_id_from=333.337.search-card.all.clicku0026vd_source=6b26da26630111503906a454dabeb61d"},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV14m4y1978u/?spm_id_from=333.337.search-card.all.clicku0026vd_source=6b26da26630111503906a454dabeb61d","id":""}],"text":"","id":""}],"text":"","id":"YoeKdKoUcoWeuAxuwSBc5XQdn6d"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":1},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"安防书籍","id":""}],"text":"","id":"X2Q4d6OEMo2Kq2xyoSCcJ4OLnlb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"《素描风暴》","id":""}],"text":"","id":"EGeQdyAwioIi4exi6Axc2deTnUb"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":541,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"安防书籍","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/92fb9082097c4a07bb98fb3391d77f42","width":348},"text":"","id":"Eq6sdW安防goCCMuxCGjHchzMJn4e"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"《素描的诀窍》","id":""}],"text":"","id":"CsO2dW6aOo86Ecx6dl4cS29tndc"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":743,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"安防书籍","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/7fa92e7b77f049a69af53d7a4e7ef9e1","width":554},"text":"","id":"Domed6wWuoac8Qx4wlEcRSFmnYc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"《像艺术家一样思考》","id":""}],"text":"","id":"YsQ8dQsacoO2iQx4NvmcjShVnLg"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":444,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"安防书籍","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/a09df027dced4945956d521728932dae","width":360},"text":"","id":"H2iKdeemAosUegxola5cpqY6noe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"《伯里曼人体结构绘画教学》","id":""}],"text":"","id":"K2Q0dU8AOoC0AyxEXyOcLjBrnec"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":466,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"安防书籍","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/90a2f27fc9614fb3849e40ae6eab8d88","width":323},"text":"","id":"Ns4KdgGmsoiyG8xdUwPcw2Gpnec"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Egi4dYek6o安防UMxqoRKcbbOVnXc"}]%3C%2Fhowto_content%3E

安防个办法：

一、先用网线连接笔记本网口到电脑网口。

二、笔记本启用本地连接和无线网络连接通过无线网络连接连接好无线cmcc以后从网上邻居找到无线网络连接图标右键-属安防-高级允许其他网络通过本网络连接到internet-勾选-系统会提示本地连接ip自动设置为192.168.0.1–确定–ok。

三、电脑启用本地连接并设置ip和dns为自动获取即可通过笔记本上网了仔细设置这个肯定行的。缺点是必须开启笔记本当作软路由台式机才能上网。

第二个办法： 安防购买一个rj45接口的无线网卡延长线可以做到30-50米安防长可以达到100米把无线网卡放置于室外楼顶或屋顶并正对wifi热点把接收到的cmcc信号用网线传输到室内直接进入笔记本有线网口就可以了也可以再进入普通无线路由器转发到手机、电脑、笔记本而且可以多台设备同时共享一个cmcc账号不累计计时我做过很多这样的成功案例。可以搜一下：“wifi无线网卡rj45接口网线传输可接路由器可接收cmcc”看一下介绍的很详细。